Civil War - Royalist

Production dates, amounts, and estimated surviving examples are given for each mint. Estimates are based on an average 1–5% survival rate of coins of the period due to circulation, clipping, and melting so counts may vary from lists of known examples of specific issues.

Oxford

In operation from January 1643 to June 24, 1646 when the town surrendered. Issues are identified by an "OX" mintmark, plume or book privy marks, and with dates from 1642-46. Original production is estimated at 200,000-300,000 coins with about 4,000-6,000 surviving. Issues include Pounds, Half Pounds, Crowns, Halfcrowns, Shillings, Sixpences, Groats, Threepences, Halfgroats, Pennies, gold Triple Unites, Unites, and Double Crowns.

ca. 1644 Halfgroat minted in Oxford

Small bust left.

Large plume in field.
S 2996.
1644 Groat minted in Oxford

Bust left.

Three Oxford plumes above Declaration.
Brooker 957.
1044 Shilling minted in Oxford

Crowned bust left, value behind

Three Oxford plumes above Declaration.
Morrieson C-7, Brooker 941, North 2448, S 2975. 1044 error date. Shrewsbury plume mintmark. Ex S.R. Naish, Brooker - Brooker 941 is this coin. Six are known to exist (2025).
1642 Shilling minted in Oxford

Bust left.

Three Oxford plumes above Declaration.
Morrieson D-1. Plumes mintmark. Aylesbury Civil War Hoard. Morrieson D-1 discovery coin.
1644 Shilling minted in Oxford
Morrieson E-6, S 2979. Rawlins dies. Spink plate coin. Ex Mark Rasmussen, Geoffrey Cope, SNC 1962, R C Lockett - 1956, F A Waters - Sotherby 1932
1643 Halfcrown minted in Oxford

Oxford Horseman, no groundline below, Oxford plume in field.

Declaration in two lines, Three small Oxford plumes above, date below.
Bull Oxford 596P (E-DI/I-SI), N 2413, S 2954. Ex Trench hoard. Bull Oxford plate coin. 1 of 2 known (2026).
1643 Halfcrown minted in Oxford

CAROLLVS D G MA BRIT FRA ET HI REX
Briot's horseman, grassy ground below.

Three Oxford plumes above Declaration.
Bull Oxford 604/D, North 2416, S 2956, PAS: DOR-180F98 = BM 2019 T966/142 this coin. Ansty (Dorset) Civil War Hoard. LL in CAROLLVS, C over G in RELIG. Third discovered of three known (2025).
1644 Halfcrown minted in Oxford

Briot’s horseman, Oxford plume behind, rough ground line below.

Three Oxford plumes above Declaration, date in script and ox below. Rosettes on either side of OX.
Bull Oxford 607I. 8 coins known with 5 in museums (2026).
1644 Halfcrown minted in Oxford

Briot’s horseman, Oxford plume behind, sloping ground line below.

Declaration in two lines, large plume between two smaller above, all between pellets, small date between plumelets and OX between pellets below, small rosette before legend.

Bull Oxford 610B, S 2967. Ex Maurice Bull Collection. Plumes by the date, large center plume above declaration.
1644 Halfcrown minted in Oxford

Briot’s horseman, Oxford plume behind, ground line below.

Large plume between two Oxford plumes above Declaration, date in script and ox between pellets below.

Bull Oxford 615A, North 2425, S 2965A. Ex H. M. Lingford Collection, A. Morris Collection, L. Bennett, Rob Pearce, Dr. Hulett, Maurice Bull Collection. Large center plume above declaration.
1645 Halfcrown minted in Oxford

Briot’s horseman, Oxford plume behind, rough ground line below.

Three Oxford plumes above Declaration, date in script and ox below.
Bull Oxford 618/C, SCBI Brooker 912, North 2424, S 2959. 40 1645-dated examples known with 25 in museums, only 2 known of this variety with the other in the Ashmolean Museum (2026).
1642 Half Pound minted in Oxford

Horseman riding left.

Declaration between two straight lines.
S 2945.
1643 Half Unite minted in Oxford

Crowned bust left extending to the edge of the coin.

Legend and Declaration on continuous scroll, plumes above.
Beresford-Jones III/5, SCBI Schneider II 332 same dies, North 2395, S 2742 . Ex Lucien M. LaRiviere.
1643 Unite minted in Oxford

Crowned bust left.

Legend and Declaration on continuous scroll, plumes above.
Beresford-Jones III/12, Brooker 851 same dies, SCBI Schneider 317 same dies, S 2732. Ex Maurice Bull Collection.